David Chaum introduced the concept of Mix Networks on 1st February 1981 through a paper entitled “Untraceable Electronic Mail, Return Addresses, and Digital Pseudonyms.” It’s somewhat apparent he was ahead of his time, given that the mainstream Internet and World Wide Web was well over a decade away. But the design was created because it was clear to him that the world that people interact with was going to become more digital, and that anything to do with privacy within that world was seemingly an afterthought.
Fast forward all the way to 2015-2016 when David had a breakthrough with the mix network design to speed up the cryptographic operations (in the form of pre-computation), and published this new design as cMix.
cMix is a linearly scalable system, specifically designed to eliminate metadata within communications between two or more parties, so that any entities who can analyse large amounts of network traffic (such as a nation state) will not know who is talking to who and when, let alone the content of the communication.
When implementing the world’s first cMix based network for use within the XX Network, the cMix design was adapted to co-exist with the Substrate-based blockchain system being developed alongside it. There were also subtle changes, such as node teams of 5 rather than 3.
Now live as the privacy layer of the XX Network, this implementation of a cMix network has been called cMixx.
A simple overview of what cMix(x) does is in this early video from Elixxir:
Proposed cMixx Update (cMixx+)
A paper was published in November 2023 by David Chaum and Mário Yaksetig with a proposed update to cMixx which would act like an ‘add-on’ to the existing mixing service. More details are on this page.
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